Choose the Right Image Format (PNG, JPG, WebP, SVG, AVIF)

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When to use PNG, JPEG, WebP, SVG or AVIF: balance size, quality, transparency, text sharpness and browser support.

1. Quick decision tree

  • Vector / logos / infinitely scalable → SVG.
  • Photographic content → AVIF (fallback WebP / JPEG).
  • UI screenshots / transparency → PNG (consider WebP lossless).
  • Icons / simple shapes → SVG or WebP.

2. Format characteristics

FormatProsCons
JPEGWide support, good photo compressionNo alpha, lossy only
PNGLossless, transparencyLarger for photos
WebPLossy & lossless, alpha, smaller than JPEG/PNGOld browsers need fallback
AVIFExcellent compression, HDR, alphaSlower encode, some legacy gaps
SVGScales perfectly, tiny for iconsComplex art can bloat

3. Fallback strategy

Serve <picture> with AVIF then WebP then a baseline JPEG/PNG ensuring graceful degradation.

4. Automation tips

  • Pre-generate multiple widths + modern + legacy format.
  • Hash filenames for cache busting.
  • Strip metadata when not required.

5. Common pitfalls

  • Overusing PNG for photos → huge weight.
  • Shipping unoptimized SVG with editor metadata.
  • No fallback for AVIF on older devices.

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FAQ

  • When should I use PNG?
    Use PNG for pixel‑perfect UI elements requiring alpha transparency or when lossless edges matter.
  • Is WebP always better than JPEG?
    Usually smaller at similar visual quality, but check older Safari / legacy browsers and provide fallback if critical.

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